Extra, beyond; as, extraordinary, beyond ordinary.

In, (ig, il, im, ir,) not, before an adjective; in, or into before a verb; as ignoble, not noble; illegal, not lawful; immerse, to plunge into; irresponsible, not responsible; irradiate, to pour rays into; imprudent, not prudent.

Inter, among; as, interpose, to place between.
Intro, within; as, introduce, to lead within.
Non, not; as, nonsense, not sense.

Ob, (oc, of, op), against; as, oppose, to place against; obtrude, to thrust against; occlude, to shut against.

Per, (pel), through; as, pellucid, shining through ; pervade, to pass through.

Post, after; as, postpone, to place after.

Pre, before; as, precede, to go before.

Preter, beyond; as, preternatural, beyond natural. Pro, forth; as, project, to throw forward.

Re, retro, back; as, recede, to go back; retrospect, a looking back.

Se, apart; as, separate, to place apart.

Sub, (suc, suf, sug, sup, sur, sus,) under or after; as, subscribe, to write under; succeed, to come after; support, to bear under; sustain, to hold under; subaqueous, under water.

Subter, beneath; as, subterfluent, running under. Super, over, upon; as, supernumerary, over the number.

Trans, across; as, transport, to carry over.

Ultra, beyond; as, ultraliberal, extremely liberal.

Exercise 8.

Explain the following words :

Emit, prefer, intercede, excavate, retrograde, subterfuge, antediluvian, subway, opposition, suggestion, countermand, predict, subordinate, reduce, extradition, perspire, nondescript, preordain, produce, remit, superintend, contravene, collusion, coheir, abstract, resurrection, submarine, bisect, benefit, equidistant, inelegant, biped, translate, ultramontane, suppress, import, surplus, disjoin, infuse, immaterial, extract, assign, dissent, include, intersperse, conclude, supervene, subject, return.

§ 3. Greek Prefixes.

A, an, without; as, apathy, want of feeling; anarchy, want of rule.

Amphi, both ways; as, amphibious, living both on land and water.

Anti, against; as, antichristian, against Christianity.

Apo, from or away; as, apogee, from the earth. Arch, first or chief; as, archdruid, the chief Druid.

Dia, through; as, diagonal, passing through from corner to corner.

En, em, in or on; as, engrave, to carve on; emboss, to stamp on.

Epi, upon; as, epitaph, upon a tomb.

Ex, out of; as, exogen, growing from without.
Hyper, over; as, hypercritical, over-critical.
Hemi, half; as, hemistich, half a verse.

Para, beside, against, by itself; as, parallel, side by side; paradox, against the usual opinion.

Peri, round about; as, perimeter, the measure round.

Syn, (sy, syl, sym), with, together; as, sympathy, feeling with; synod, a coming together; syllable, a number of letters taken together.

Exercise 9.

Explain the following words :

Atheist, epigram, antipathy, syntax, anonymous, parody, dialogue, antipodes, symmetry, emphasis, system, periphery, epidemic, antagonist, archbishop, enharmonic, exodus, hemisphere, apostle, archdeacon, diameter.

§ 4. Derivative Nouns.

I. Nouns of Saxon origin are derived from other nouns, from adjectives, and from verbs, by the following prefixes and suffixes..

1. Signifying the agent, or a person generally.

as, beg, beggar.
as, dote, dotard.

as, sail, sailor.

as, brag, braggart.

as, pun, pun, punster.

chiefly

from

verbs.

*Nouns of this formation have generally an opprobrious

meaning.

Eer:*

Ier :*

as, mountain, mountaineer.
as, brigade, brigadier.

Ess; (fem.) as, shepherd, shepherdess.
Yer:t as, law, lawyer.

from

nouns.

* Nouns in eer or ier are generally military terms, and of

French origin.

+ The termination yer marks a person who carries on some trade or professsion.

These are sometimes called gerundive nouns, from their resemblance to the gerunds in Latin.

Form Nouns denoting the agent, doer, or person generally, from :

Sing, lie, drink, trick, grenade, bow, poet, chariot, log, act, game, dig, lease, cow, duke, saw, cannon, grant, cut, bombard, deacon, song, run.

Form Abstract Nouns, from :

Wise, leak, warm, son, baby, martyr, hardy, banish, worth, knight, serf, kin, brave, rook, recover, red, ride, long, thrall, heal, judge, mile, weak, fine, steal, coin, write, embroider, merry, broad, cook, pilot, slow, soldier, read, sing, dance.

Form Diminutives, from ;

Goose, tart, seed, owl, bull, eagle, pack, man, year, Peter, fat, arm, couple, lance, fear, ring, suck, leaf.

* Nouns in ling are sometimes derived from adjectives; as, first, firstling.

+ Generally with a change in the vowel-sound.