Decentralization of the Socialist State: Intergovernmental Finance in Transition EconomiesRichard Miller Bird, Robert D. Ebel, Christine Wallich Avebury, 1996 - 443 ページ This work explores the issues invloved in redesigning intergovernmental relations in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Russian Federation and the Ukraine, and highlights issues of municipal finance in Budapest and the special case of division of revenue of natural resources taxation and asymmetrical federalism issues in Russia. Extensive political and fiscal decentralization in now underway in many countries in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This volume focuses on the elements of decentralization in the transition economies that distinguish them from the rest of the world. Transition economies are different from market economies because of the prior stronghold of the central government on the whole economy. |
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accountability activities added addition administrative Albania allocation amount areas assets assignment authority autonomy Bank benefits borrowing Budapest budget budgetary Bulgaria capacity capital central government chapter charges collected cost councils countries decentralization deficit determine distribution districts effects efficiency enterprises equalization ernment established estimated example expenditures federal fees finance fiscal formula functions funds gminy grant housing Hungary important increase indicators institutions intergovernmental investment issues land levied limited local governments localities major ments Ministry of Finance municipalities natural norms oblast operations own-source percent personal income tax political population privatization problems property tax public services receive reform regional relations responsibilities result revenues Romania Russia sector Self-Government share social sources spending structure subnational governments subsidies tion transfers transition economies units World