the means of exciting and constantly keeping up troubles in this state. "The whole of the laws and institutions published by the holy father, at length received the solemn and unequivocal suffrages of the great Powers present at Rome, by the notes which they addressed to the cardinal secretary of state, on the 12th of January last at the moment when the measures taken by his holiness to recall to obedience the refractory provinces were announced to them The official acts in reply to the circular note of the 11th of January have thus a synallagmatical character, to the validity of which we are not certainly to oppose that of the official advice which the same diplomatic personages addressed to the court of Rome in the memorandum of the 21st of May preceding. "The events which followed are well known. Since the reentry of the imperial troops into the Legations, and the forcible occupation of Ancona by the French, the Austrian cabinet has perceived the value of the opinion expressed by the Pontifical government, that every new concession granted by that government, either to the demands of its malcontent subjects, or to the request of a foreign nation by a diplomatic channel, would be derogatory to the independence of the sovereign, from whom it would be, in appearance at least, extorted by force of arms; and that in the fact of concessions founded upon the armed intervention of foreigners, the factious would find a precedent, of which they would not fail to avail themselves to obtain new concessions by means of an appeal to foreigners. was frankly communicated to the French government, and to that of Great Britain, as well as the concessions to which allusion has been made, as dangerous to the rest of Italy, and as the unfailing source of permanent troubles in the state where they may be admitted. Penetrated with this conviction, the emperor could not in conscience hold a different language to the holy father. "But his imperial majesty did not at the same time cease to urge, in a most pressing manner, the sovereign pontiff, not only to maintain, in complete execution, the legislative dispositions already published, but also to give to those dispositions a character of stability which should place them beyond the risk of future changes, without preventing useful improvements. The proofs of the solicitude of the Austrian cabinet on this head have been placed before the British cabinet. But the interest which Austria feels in wishing all just subjects of discontent in the pontifical states to be put an end to has not stopped here. The most earnest recommendation for the establishment of the best possible order in the different branches of the administration have not been spared to the Roman government, and experienced Austrian functionaries, who were well acquainted with Italy, were placed at its disposal, in order to aid in introducing all practicable ameliorations in the difficult circumstances in which it is placed, and which have been occasioned principally by the troubles perpetuated for the last eighteen months in a considerable part of its provinces. "Such is the manner in which Austria undertook to exercise the "This mode of viewing things influence which the upright and VOL. LXXIV. 2 C disinterested character of its councils procured for her at the Court of Rome. Repelling, as far as himself was concerned, all territorial aggrandizement, firmly resolved to maintain, in concert with his allies, the state of possession as established by treaties in the Italian peninsula, and particularly the integrity of the Holy See, the emperor is determined to oppose whatever would tend to subvert the temporal sovereignty of the Holy See, or to detach from it any of its provinces, "His imperial majesty entertains a perfect conviction, that the concessions proposed to change the form of the pontifical government, have no other worth, in the estimation of those by whom they are demanded, than that of a means to reach their real end, that of withdrawing themselves entirely from the Holy See; and that these concessions cannot have any other result than to lead to new pretensions and fresh troubles. It is, therefore, out of regard to the repose of Italy that the emperor deems himself bound to refuse his support to these demands; and it is thus, that, obeying the voice of his conscience, he serves truly the cause of general peace, which is the object of his wishes and constant solicitude. Rendering full justice to the dispositions which the French government, guided by motives of selfpreservation, manifests in this respect, the Austrian cabinet resigns itself also to the confidence that it will be always easy to arrive at an understanding which will get rid of any difficulties that may present themselves in the course of events; and it entertains, consequently, no apprehensions of a serious complication, which should take its rise in the administrative measures of a third and independ ent state. But, strong in the sincerity of his sentiments, at once pacific, just, and conciliatory, the emperor cherishes, at the same time, the intimate persuasion of finding, in all cases, his Britannic majesty disposed, like himself, to maintain and strengthen the indissoluble bonds of amity and alliance which have united for so long a period the two monarchs, and to which rectitude of principles, and identity of views and interests, serve on both sides as a guarantee. "The undersigned requests the ambassador to bring the contents of this reply to the knowledge of his government, and eagerly seizes the opportunity," &c. &c. (No. 4.) NOTE of MR. SEYMOUR to the COUNT DE LUTzow. "Rome, Sept. 19. "The undersigned begs to acknowledge the receipt of the note of the 12th, which the count de Lutzow, ambassador extraordinary of his imperial and royal apostolic majesty, has returned to the communication which he had the honour of addressing to his excellency on the 7th inst. The note from his highness prince Metternich to sir F. Lamb, which count de Lutzow has had the kindness to communicate to the undersigned, was already in his possession, and having been received in London some days before the departure of the messenger who was the bearer of instructions for his quitting Rome, the undersigned is obliged to infer that the observations contained in this paper have not appeared to his majesty's government to be of such a nature as to alter the views they had taken of the state of Roman affairs. The undersigned, as at sisting to adjust the difficulties with which the affairs of the papal dominions are beset; but although no doubt can be entertained that the same ulterior views with regard to these states is sought for by all the great Powers, a difference of opinion appears unquestionably to exist as to the means by which the end is to be obtained. Time will not fail to show the fallacy or correctness of the view taken of Roman affairs, and their consequences by his majesty's govern present instructed, believes that his majesty's government still entertains the opinion that the amelior. ations introduced by the Pope since the Conferences of the last year are not of such a nature as to correspond satisfactorily either with the suggestions which were conjointly made to his holiness, by the representatives of the great Powers, in May, 1831, or with the expect ations which were held out towards the same period to the subjects of the Pope, in the name of their sovereign. His majesty's government, and the undersigned can ment is unquestionably aware, that among the subjects of his holiness there are to be found those who belong to the dangerous faction to which count Lutzow's note refers, those, namely, who would remain dissatisfied with any amount of concessions which might be obtained for them; but the fact does not alter their opinion that the wishes of a much larger and more reasonable proportion of the Roman population might be complied with, with signal advantage both to the subjects and to the government of Rome. A separation would be thus effected among the parties of the discontented, and while one class would become bound by fresh ties to their sovereign, the other would be rendered powerless by the injustice of its demands. With these and similar views, his majesty's government have been, up to the present time, disposed to continue their good offices in as only assure count Lutzow of the pleasure which he shall experience in finding that his gloomy forebodings have not been realized. He begs, at the same time, to avail himself of perhaps the last opportunity he may have of addressing count Lutzow for the purpose of expressing to his excellency his conviction that the dangers to which it has been his duty to allude will be diminished in proportion as that course of improvement which his excellency's note announces on the part of the papal government shall be resolutely and amply adopted. The undersigned has the honour to offer his excellency the assurance, &c. "G. H. SEYMOUR. "To his excellency the count de Lutzow, ambassador of his imperial and royal apostolic majesty, &c. &c. &c." CONVENTION RELATIVE to the SOVEREIGNTY of GREECE, between THE KING of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, THE KING OF THE FRENCH, and THE EMPEROR OF ALL THE RUSSIAS, on the one part, and THE KING OF BAVARIA, on the other.-Signed at LONDON, May 7, 1832. Presented to both Houses of Parliament, by command of his Majesty. The courts of Great Britain, France, and Russia, exercising the power conveyed to them by the Greek nation, to make choice of a sovereign for Greece, raised to the rank of an independent state, and being desirous of giving to that country a fresh proof of their friendly disposition, by the election of a prince descended from a royal house, the friendship and alliance of which cannot fail to be of essential service to Greece, and which has already acquired claims to her esteem and gratitude, have resolved to offer the crown of the new Greek state to the prince Frederick Otho of Bavaria, second son of his majesty the king of Bavaria. His majesty the king of Bavaria on his part, acting in the character of guardian of the said prince Otho during his minority, participating in the views of the three Courts, and duly appreciating the motives which have induced them to fix their choice upon a prince of his house, has determined to accept the crown of Greece for his second son the prince Frederick Otho of Bavaria. In consequence of such acceptance, and for the purpose of agreeing upon the arrangements which it has rendered necessary, their majesties the king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the king of the French, and the emperor of all the Russias, on the one part, and his majesty, the king of Bavaria, on the other, have named as their plenipotentiaries, &c., &c. Who, after having exchanged their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and signed the following articles : ARTICLE I. The courts of Great Britain, France, and Russia, duly authorised for this purpose by the Greek nation, offer the hereditary sovereignty of Greece to the prince Frederick Otho, of Bavaria, second son of his majesty the king of Bavaria. II. His majesty the king of Bavaria, acting in the name of his said son, a minor, accepts, on his behalf, the hereditary sovereignty of Greece on the conditions hereinafter settled. III. The prince Otho of Bavaria shall bear the title of king of Greece. IV. Greece, under the sovereignty of the prince Otho of Bavaria, and under the guarantee of the three Courts, shall form a monarchical and independent state, according to the terms of the protocol, signed between the said Courts, on the 3rd of February, 1830, and accepted both by Greece and by the Ottoman Porte. V. The limits of the Greek state shall be such as shall be definitively settled by the negotiations which the Courts of Great Britain, France, and Russia, have recently opened with the Ottoman Porte, in execution of the protocol of the 26th of September, 1831. VI. The three courts having beforehand determined to convert the protocol of the 3rd of February 1830, into a definitive treaty, as soon as the negotiations relative to the limits of Greece shall have terminated, and to communicate such treaty to all the states with which they have relations, it is hereby agreed that they shall fulfil this engagement, and that his majesty the king of Greece shall become a contracting party to the treaty in question. VII. The three courts shall, from the present moment, use their influence to procure the recognition of the prince Otho of Bavaria as king of Greece, by all the sovereigns and states with whom they have relations. VIII. The royal crown and dignity shall be hereditary in Greece; and shall pass to the direct and lawful descendants and heirs of the prince Otho of Bavaria, in the order of primogeniture. In the event of the decease of the prince Otho of Bavaria, without direct and lawful issue, the crown of Greece shall pass to his younger brother, and to his direct and law ful descendants and heirs, in the order of primogeniture. In the event of the decease of the last-mentioned prince also, without direct and lawful issue, the crown of Greece shall pass to his younger brother, and to his direct and lawful descendants and heirs, in the order of primogeniture. In no case shall the crown of Greece and the crown of Bavaria be united upon the same head. IX. The majority of the prince Otho of Bavaria, as king of Greece, is fixed at the period when he shall have completed his twentieth year; that is to say, on the 1st of June, 1835. X. During the minority of the prince Otho of Bavaria, king of Greece, his rights of sovereignty shall be exercised in their full extent by a regency, composed of three councillors, who shall be appointed by his majesty the king of Bavaria. XI. The prince Otho of Bavaria shall retain the full possession of his appanages in Bavaria. His majesty the king of Bavaria moreover engages to assist, as far as may be in his power, the prince Otho in his position in Greece, until a revenue shall have been set apart for the crown in that state. XII. In execution of the stipulations of the protocol of the 20th of February, 1830, his majesty the emperor of all the Russias engages to guarantee, and their majesties the king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the king of the French, engage to recommend, the former to his parliament, the latter to his chambers, to enable their majesties to guarantee, on the following conditions, a loan to be contracted by the prince Otho of Bavaria, as king of Greece. 1. The principal of the loan to be contracted under the guarantee of the three powers shall not exceed a total amount of 60,000,000 of francs. 2. The said loan shall be raised by instalments of 20,000,000 of francs each. 3. For the present, the first instalment only shall be raised, and the three courts shall each become responsible for the payment of one-third of the annual amount of the interest and sinking fund of the said instalment. 4. The second and the third instalments of the said loan may also be raised, according to the |