isolated grandeur. On either hand, the slopes and shores are sprinkled with' country seats, villages, farms, cottages interspersed with bays and promontories; and the river itself enlivened with all the indications of a great mercantile city.

LANARKSHIRE.

And now we trace the steps of "those who bide
Around the valley, where the DOUGLAS' stream'
Devolves from mossy hills his dusky tide,

Fast by the castle of that haughty name;

And those who dwell where many-falling Clyde'

Sweeps down by Bothwell's towers' of massy frame;

And by the green where Glasgow's daughters lave,

On summer days, their robes within the crystal wave."-TENNANT.

THIS rich and picturesque county is generally denominated Clydesdale, from the river Clyde, which, dividing it longitudinally, traverses it in a winding course for the space of more than sixty miles, and then expands into the noble Frith, which wafts the trade of Glasgow to the ocean. The county is divided into three wards-the upper, middle, and lower; each under the jurisdiction of a sheriff substitute. The upper ward, comprising nearly two-thirds of the county, is mountainous; the 'middle, though less so, is diversified by numerous inequalities; but, on every spot susceptible of improvement, the effects of judicious agriculture are strikingly manifested. Localities which, at the close of the last century, exhibited an aspect of unconquerable sterility, have now undergone a complete change, and become sites of industry, or the sources of abundant harvests. The lower ward, which is almost covered by the city of Glasgow, and the populous villages adjoining, exhibits a scene of uninterrupted beauty and fertility, realizing the motto "Let Glasgow flourish!" while her poet exclaims

"As shines the moon among the lesser fires
Unrivalled Glasgow lifts her stately spires;
For Commerce, glorious with her golden crown,
Has marked fair Glasgow for her favourite town."

The poet and the utilitarian, however, contemplate these transformations under very different lights. While the latter points with exultation to the vast sources

CITY OF GLASGOW.-CATHEDRAL.

129

of industry thus opened up, to the rapidly increasing population, to the numerous monuments with which successful trade has embellished the landscape, to the lordly mansion and its demesne, rising on the site of their cottage-predecessors, to the banks of the river, sparkling with architectural elegance, odorous with the breath of exotics, and, in every thing, indicative of a "luxury unknown to ancestors"-the poet of "Hope" answers:

"And call ye this improvement ?—to have changed

My native Clyde, thy once romantic shore?
Where Nature's face is banished, and estranged,
And Heaven reflected in thy wave no more!". . . .
"Improvement!-smiles it in the poor man's eyes,
Or blooms it in the cheek of Labour ?—No!
To gorge a few with Trade's precarious prize,

We banish rural life, and breathe unwholesome skies."

""Tis therefore I complain

That thou no more through pastoral scenes shouldst glide,

My WALLACE's own stream !—my once romantic Clyde !"—CAMPBELL.

The city of Glasgow, with its suburbs so universally known as a vast commercial emporium—is said to cover a space of seven hundred acres of ground, containing a dense and rapidly increasing population. Its tide of prosperity began with the Union of the two countries, and has continued to flow in upon its spirited citizens with increasing favour down to the present time. To the invention of the spinning-jenny, by Arkwright, to the improvements of the steam-engine by Watt, and the boundless supply of coal with which the manufactories are furnished, Glasgow is chiefly indebted for her long and prosperous trade. Cotton goods, although the staple trade of the place, are not the only manufactures. Steam-engines are here constructed to a vast extent; brass and iron foundries are actively employed; works for the construction of cotton, flax, and woollen machinery; admirable type foundries, chemical works-and, in short, whatever is connected with art or luxury, is here to be met with in the greatest perfection. To detail the particulars of the exports and imports of Glasgow, would be to furnish a catalogue of all that contributes to the convenience

In 1831, the population amounted to nearly two hundred and three thousand. Twenty years ago, Glasgow had fifty-four mills for spinning cotton, containing six hundred thousand spindles; and the number has been much augmented since then. In 1825, fifty-four power-loom factories, for the weaving of various kinds of cotton goods, were in activity. In 1818, the hand-looms employed were calculated at thirty-two thousand. The suburbs contain vast mines of coal, ironstone, limestone, freestone, whinstone, fire and potters' clay, and many valuable minerals; but of all these coal is by far the most valuable, as indispensable to the support of the manufacturers.

and the luxury of man, and to name every port in the known world where commercial enterprise has ever penetrated.*

The streets of Glasgow are spacious, admirably well paved, the houses lofty, and, in many instances, exhibiting great architectural elegance. Of this the Trongate, a street upwards of a mile in length, presents numerous examples, and, in the busy multitude with which it is thronged, will remind the stranger of the metropolitan thoroughfares of Cheapside, or the Strand. Of the public buildings, which are numerous, many present fine specimens of the different orders of architecture. Our restricted limits, however, will only admit a brief notice of the Cathedral and University. The Cathedral, like so many others. in the kingdom, traces its foundation to the pious King David, in the beginning of the twelfth century, who appointed his tutor, or chaplain, Johannes Achaius, to the episcopate. To the present building, however, numerous additions were made in the progress of time, till the Reformation, which diverted the church revenues into a new channel and left the original design unfinished. The first bishopt was followed by twenty-five successors, when, in the person of Bishop Blackader, the see was erected into an archbishopric. After this period, four Catholic archbishops followed in succession; and after the Reformation, ten others of the Episcopalian church, when the Presbyterian religion became that of the nation. The church was then divided, and now forms two distinct places of worship. The interior, as seen in the engraving annexed, is of noble design and elaborate workmanship, and had the good fortune to escape the popular fury by which so many other shrines were mutilated or destroyed.

"Huge columns heave to a stupendous height
Their gothic grandeur's vast unwieldy weight;
The pile the rich unpolished genius shews

Of that wild daring age in which it rose."-WILSON.

The University of Glasgow associates with its history many names which reflect lustre on their age and country. It had anciently several remarkable peculiarities in its constitution, and conferred on its members various important

During the year 1834, twenty-seven thousand vessels passed Renfrew ferry; and at some periods in the same year, between twenty and thirty passed in one hour.-Stat. 1837.

† A.D. 1300. Edward I. of England took upon him to appoint Anthony Beik to the see of Glasgow, whilst Earl Percy usurped the military government of the western part of Scotland, and took possession of the episcopal palace. The renowned Wallace, who was then at Ayr, determined on ridding his country of the usurpers; and, supported by several patriotic individuals and their adherents, gave battle to Percy in the High Street, nearly where the college now stands, when Wallace, with one stroke of his sword, cleft Earl Percy's head, and put his whole army to the rout. The following year King Edward offered oblations at the shrine of St. Mungo, in the church, on learning that Drummond, a Scottish knight, had been taken prisoner by Sir John Seagrave.