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flames. Had this taken place in the heat of battle, as at Hougumont, where the spirit of resistance was still maintained by those inclosed, the fact would have been written down as one of those catastrophes which no humanity could prevent; but in the present instance the battle had long ceased-resistance was at an end-the royal authority was recognised-and Cumberland might have reposed on his laurels, honoured, if not respected; and, if not popular, yet in the full enjoyment of power. By aspiring to those traits which show the avenger, he lost sight of all that magnanimity which should distinguish the victor; dissatisfied with the mere honour of victory, he neutralized its fame by the infamy of a massacre. It has been said, that if mercy were banished from the earth it should find a resting-place in the hearts of princes; but the royal leader in the present instance was insensible to its pleadings, and in the means adopted to render himself terrible in the eyes of the people, he became odious. Such conduct threw a qualifying shade over the lustre of conquest, and by degrading the illustrious personage from the character of a hero, avenged the people whom he had sacrificed.

"Mais pourquoi rappeler cette triste victoire ?
Que ne puis-je plutôt ravir à la mémoire
Les cruels monumens de ces affreux succès!"'

Parties of the military were sent into every district whose chiefs were supposed to have been concerned in the rebellion, to burn, plunder, and lay waste the country; and in this their orders were executed to the letter. The Duke in the mean time reached the highest degree of popularity; in the south, his victory of Culloden was regarded as a brilliant example of generalship, and the conqueror was flattered by every token of public admiration.* But the honour so liberally awarded him, and those high talents for which the parliament gave him unbounded credit, were eventually proved to be rash and unfounded. In proof of this, we need only allude to his royal highness's capitulation when opposed by a French general at Closter Severn. The letters written by him to the countess of expose his memory to ridicule. That other great men have not done the same, we presume not to say; some of our most distinguished

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After the battle of Culloden, most of the old signs of naval and military heroes gave way to the Head of Duke William. "I was yesterday out of town," says Horace Walpole in a letter to Mr. Conway, dated April 16, 1747, " and the very signs at the inns, as I passed through the villages, made me make very quaint reflections on the mortality of fame and popularity! I observed how the Duke of Cumberland's Head' had succeeded almost universally to Admiral Vernon's,' and his had left but few traces of the Duke of Ormond's.' I pondered these things in my heart, and said to myself, Surely all glory is but as the sign over an inn door!"

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statesmen and heroes have acted inconsistently with the characters they had won; but then they had great virtues to throw into the scale, which established an immense balance in their favour.

Of Prince Charles-whose adventures after the battle of Culloden, the "Flodden" of the North, are universally known-we need only add, that after innumerable hardships and hair-breadth escapes, he succeeded, with about a hundred of his friends, in securing his retreat to France in a privateer engaged for that purpose. It is worthy of remark, as a trait that reflects immortal honour on the people of the Highlands, that during his wanderings amongst them, Prince Charles had occasion to entrust his life to more than fifty individuals -many of them poor and destitute-but not one of whom was tempted either by the enormous bribe offered, or intimidated by the continual vigilance of their enemies, to betray his path or lurking-place.

A person of the name of M'Ian-to whose cottage the prince went and threw himself on his protection-though no friend to his cause, watched over him for several weeks with inviolable fidelity. What renders this fact still more remarkable is, that M'Ian, whose family were at the time in a state of starvation, was compelled to the dire necessity of robbing in order to support the princeof robbing, too, at the risk of his life, when a word or sign would have raised him to opulence, and to special favour with government. It is a melancholy fact to add, in conclusion to such unparalleled fidelity, that this poor man was afterwards brought to the gallows for having, during a season of great severity, stolen a cow to keep his family alive, and when he had only one choice left, to rob or to starve. A little before his execution, he took off his bonnet and said ---" I thank God that, although condemned to suffer death for an offence committed under the pressure of want, I have never betrayed a trust-never injured the poor-never refused to share my last morsel with the stranger and the needy." On having the circumstance represented to him, the king was said to have expressed much regret that the sentence had been carried into execution, and to have added, that, had the case been reported to him in proper time, the poor man should have been placed in a situation where he would have had no temptation to rob for his subsistence.

We now proceed to Fort George occupying the eastern extremity of the county which projects into the Moray Frith,* It was built at the disastrous period

In pursuing this route, the antiquary will find the ancient baronial residence of Dalcross Castle an object of attraction. It consists of two towers, joined at right angles, the inner corner where they meet being covered with a projecting turret and large entrance gate. In the front court is a deep draw-well; the windows are staunchioned with iron; it has a huge oaken door, with inner iron gratings; the kitchen, with its enormous vaulted chimney, is like the arch of a bridge; the dungeons and the hall are quite perfect. VOL. II.

just named, by command of the duke of Cumberland, and covers a space of ten Scotch acres. The fortifications are regular, and, like others composing the hain of forts built to check any future rise on the part of the Highlanders, were finished under the direction of the best engineers of the day. It is considered a model in this respect, and equal in all but extent to the continental forts on the plan of the celebrated Vauban. It contains barracks for more than two thousand troops, exclusive of houses for the governor and officers; and is amply provided with all the accommodations to be found in the best fortification in the kingdom. The buildings unite great strength and solidity with elegance of execution; but the stranger is tempted to wish that the vast sums there expended had been employed in some work of more permanent advantagesomething that, while it kept them in check, might have promoted the interests of the Highlands. While this vast citadel was erecting, famine was severely felt in the surrounding districts-the cottages were in ruins, the land uncultivated, and the survivors still suffering from the violence employed against them at the close of the rebellion. Having answered the purpose of their erection, these formidable bastions now serve only to recall the circumstance which caused them. The fort stands like a mailed veteran in the midst of peaceful citizens, and as if longing for war, like sailors for a fair wind.

The breadth of the Frith at this point is upwards of a mile; and immediately above the fortress it presents the appearance of a spacious basin, or inland lake. The communication with the opposite coast of Cromarty is kept up by ferry-boats, the security of which is provided for by a jetty projecting from the fort into the sea. The village of Cambelltown, which says more for the modern improvement of the Highlands than its forts, occupies the lower end of the peninsula, and has risen into importance under the protection of the house. of Cawdor.

Fortrose, on the opposite side of the Frith, is remarkable as a free town, and as the ancient seat of the Catholic bishops of Ross, whose palace was completely destroyed, the cathedral greatly damaged, and its fine bells, as already

The ceiling of the latter is of fine carved oak, in part rudely painted: but its most interesting feature is the dais, or portion of the floor raised above the rest, for the special use of the lord of the manor, his family, and principal guests. The roof of one of the bedrooms was painted all over with the coats-of-arms of the principal families in the country. Those of Robert Bruce, of the earls of Huntly, Marischal, and Stuart, are still quite distinct. This castle was built by Simon, eighth Lord Lovat, in 1620. CASTLE-STEWART is a fine specimen of the castellated mansion, and has been restored to much of its ancient beauty by the timely interference of the earl of Moray. The precise period of its erection is disputed. By some it is said to have been a favorite residence of James IV., and built as a hunting seat. Others assert that the Regent Moray was its founder, and that Queen Mary occasionally honoured it with her presence.-See the description at full by Messrs. Anderson.-Guide to the Highlands, pp. 112, 113.

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