to avoid public speaking, he had great influence with individuals, great energy and persistence in private efforts for the welfare of the college, the church, and the community. In one crisis, if not more, the chartered rights of the college were secured by bis sole intervention; and when in town-meeting the question was decided against liquor license, the result was spoken of as “Upham's victory."

FACTS FROM THE UNITED STATES CENSUS.

Area and population.—In 1870 Maine was the twenty-third State in population, having 626,915 inhabitants within an area of 35,000 square miles-an average of 17.91 persons to the square mile. This population consisted of 624,809 white, 1,606 colored, 1 Chinese, and 499 Indians. Of these 578,034 were natives of the United States, and 48,881 foreignborn. Of the native residents of the State 549,650 whites, 951 colored, and 28 Indians were born within its borders; while of the foreign residents, 508 were born in Germany, 3,650 in England, and 15,745 in Ireland.

School attendance.-According to Table IX, vol. 1, of Census Report, 155,140 persons attended school, and of these 3,034 were foreign-born. The white male scholars numbered 80,630, and the white female scholars 74,314-an aggregate of 154,944 whites. The colored pupils numbered 186, of whom 109 were males and 77 females. Ten Indian pupils were reported.

Miteracy. The number of inhabitants of all races, 10 years old and over, unable to write, was 19,052, of whom 11,066 were foreign-born.

Age, sex, and race of illiterates. Of the 18,874 white illiterates, 3,150 were from 10 to 15 years of age, and of these 1,782 were males and 1,368 females; 2,433 were from 15 to 21 years old, of whom 1,247 were males and 1,186 females; 13,291 were 21 years old and over, of whom 6,516 were males and 6,775 females. Of the 173 colored illiterates, 16 were from 10 to 15 years old, of whom 13 were males and 3 females; 31 were from 15 to 21 years old, of whom 17 were males and 14 females; 126 were 21 years old and over, of whom 69 were males and 57 females. Two male and 3 female Indians were reported. Educational institutions.-According to Table XII, vol. 1, of Census Report, the total number of educational institutions was 4,723, having 6,986 teachers, of whom 2,430 were males and 4,556 females, to educate their 162,636 pupils, of whom 77,992 were males and 84,644 females.

Amount and source of educational income.-The total income of all the educational institutions was $1,106,203, of which $98,626 were derived from endowment, $841,524 from taxation and public funds, and $166,053 from tuition and other sources.

Public schools. The 4,565 public schools, with their 6,625 teachers, of whom 2,261 were males and 4,364 females, were attended by 152,765 pupils, of whom 73,393 were males and 79,372 females. To educate these they possessed a total income of $843,435, of which $4,116 were derived from endowment, $809,941 from taxation and public funds, and $29,378 from tuition and other sources.

Colleges.-The 4 colleges, with their 27 teachers, (26 male and 1 female,) were attended by 296 students, of whom 295 were males and 1 female. To educate these they possessed a total income of $58,865, of which $23,226 were derived from endowment, $24,000 from taxation and public funds, and $11,639 from tuition and other sources.

Academies.-The 44 academies, with their 158 teachers, (76 male and 82 female,) bad an attendance of 4,621 pupils, 2,445 males and 2,176 females, for the education of whom they possessed a total income of $89,659, of which $41,784 were derived from endowment, $7,033 from taxation and public funds, and $40,842 from tuition and other sources. Private schools.-The 87 day and boarding schools had 117 teachers, of whom 34 were males and 83 females. They were attended by 3,245 pupils, 1,310 of whom were males aud. 1,935 females. These schools possessed an income of $35,594, derived from tuition and other sources.

Libraries.-There were reported 1,462 public libraries, containing 533,547 volumes; also 1,872 private libraries, having 450,963 volumes-a total of 3,334 libraries, containing 984,510 volumes.

The press. The 65 periodicals issued had an aggregate circulation of 170,690 copies, with an annual aggregate issue of 9,867,680.

Churches. Of the 1,328 church organizations, 1,104 had edifices, with 376,738 sittings, and the church property was valued at $5,200,853.

Pauperism.-Three thousand six hundred and thirty-one paupers were reported, of whom 3,143 were native whites, 39 native colored, and 443 foreigners.

Crime. Of 371 persons imprisoned June 1, 1870, 255 were native whites, 6 native colored, and 110 foreigners; 431 persons were convicted during the year.

Age and sex of population.-Of the total population, 175,588 persons were from 5 to 18 years old-89,233 males and 86,355 females; 493,847 were 10 years old and upward, and of these 245,704 were males and 248,143 females.

Occupations. Two hundred and eight thousand two hundred and twenty-five persons of these ages were engaged in various occupations, of whom 179,784 were males and

28,441 females; 82,011 were engaged in agricultural pursuits, of whom 81,956 were males and 55 females; 36,002 in personal and professional services, of whom 20,683 were males and 15,409 females; 28,115 in trade and transportation, of whom 27,880 were males and 235 females; 62,007 in manufactures and mechanical and mining industries, of whom 49,265 were males and 12,742 females.

Age and sex of working population. Of these 208,225 employed persons, 6,354 were from 10 to 15 years old, of whom 4,319 were males and 2,035 females; 182,320 were from 16 to 59 years old, of whom 156,714 were males and 25,606 females; 19,551 were 60 years old and over, of whom 18,751 were males and 800 females.

MARYLAND.

[From report of M. A. Newell, president of the board of State school commissioners, for the scholastic year ended September 30, 1871.] .

A decrease is shown in the items of building, repairs and furniture, books and stationery, supervision and office expenses, incidentals, and miscellaneous, amounting in all to $40,402.59; and an increase in the items of teachers' salaries, interest, and colored schools, amounting to $39,445,73, showing a net decrease in the running expenses of $946.86.

The decrease in building expenses is no evidence that the counties are now nearly all supplied with good school-houses; it merely indicates that the available funds are exhausted. It would be more satisfactory if the money that was actually needed could be had regularly year by year. The increased expenditure for interest is an unfavorable symptom. In part it is the result of bad financiering; in part it is in consequence of the circumstances in which the school commissioners are placed, being obliged by law to keep the schools open for a certain number of months in the year, and not being able to control sufficient funds for the purpose without the consent of the county commissioners.

The slight apparent increase in average daily attendance shows an actual decrease for the year in proportion to the numbers enrolled. In order to keep up the same rate as last year the increase should have been over 1,000. Eight counties report a diminished daily attendance. We have one suggestion to make on this head, namely, that a part, say one-half, of the salary of the teachers should be made to depend on the average daily attendance of the scholars. This has been suggested by the fact that where a fixed salary has been substituted for the "sliding scale" in the payment of

teachers the attendance has fallen off.

At the annual meeting of the association of school commissioners, eighteen counties were represented. Great unanimity of sentiment prevailed, and the general opinion was that the present school law, with a very few amendments, could be made entirely adequate to the present wants of the people. The changes asked for are as follows: A county tax of 15 cents on the hundred dollars, instead of 10 cents as at present allowed; the appointment of teachers to be given to the county boards of school commissioners, instead of the local boards as at present; some further provision for the education of colored children; the building of a suitable house for the State normal school; the transfer of the academic donations to the several boards of county school commissioners, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining a high school in each county.

TEACHERS' INSTITUTES.

The principal of the State normal school has held during the year teachers' institutes in nine counties, all well attended but one.

COLORED SCHOOLS.

The law requires that all the taxes paid for school purposes by the colored people of any county shall be used for maintaining schools for colored children. But this amount is so small as to be practically worthless. The law also authorizes the boards of county school commissioners to appropriate such additional sums as they may deem proper for this purpose. But the boards have no surplus revenue. All their funds are needed (and more are urgently demanded) for the support of the white schools. Consequently the "additional appropriations" have been very small. Tho total amount reported for the year is only $4,611.40. This amounts to but little more than nine cents a head for the colored school population. Baltimore City is excluded from this calculation, having fully organized a system of colored schools, and having appropriated for their support during the year $30,000. The State school tax is distributed to the several counties in proportion to the population, white and colored, between the ages of 5 and 20; thus all the counties receive from this source $1.52 a year for every colored person between the specified ages, a sum which, if it could be spared, would be sufficient for the current expenses of such elementary schools as would be necessary at first.

BALTIMORE.

CONDITION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The board of commissioners state that the schools under their charge have never presented a more prosperous condition. Throughout the whole system, from the lowest grade to the highest, the most marked improvement has been observable. The general attendance of pupils has been most excellent, and the increase in their number will compare favorably with that of previous years.

SCHOOL ACCOMMODATIONS.

New school-houses have been erected and occupied, old ones have been remodeled, and desirable improvements have been effected. There remains, however, much to be done in this direction. Many of the school-buildings are so overcrowded as to interfere with the proper instruction of the teachers, and to operate most perniciously upon the health of the children. This is a serious evil, and should be remedied as speedily as possible.

SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS.

The frequent changes in the representation of the board of commissioners is a matter of serious moment. To secure and retain the services of the ablest friends of the school system, for the longest time they may be willing to serve, should be the object most desired.

COMPULSORY EDUCATION.

The subject of compulsory education is one which should receive profound attention in the very near future. As a matter of wise economy, aside from the moral effects secured, it would be better to incur the expense of educating all the children of the community, with the hope of making them useful citizens, rather than subsequently to be taxed for their maintenance in almshouses and punitive institutions, whither ignorance will lead them.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION.

This subject is of deep importance, as affecting the future welfare of the children. While engaged in developing the intellectual faculties and cultivating the mind, the training of the body is neglected. Some simple system of exercise during recess, in which all could participate, would be a great improvement upon the present method.

DRAWING AND MUSIC.

Drawing has been taught in the public schools, but very irregularly. It is suggested that the young ladies of the high school who have shown real proficiency in the art be employed as teachers.

The progress of classes in music has been very satisfactory. Even in the primary schools, singing by note is entirely successful, proving that it is better to commence with the elementary part of music in this department than to defer it until a later period.

FEMALE HIGH SCHOOLS.

The results these schools have attained have been most gratifying to all who have an interest in the cause of public instruction. It is asserted that the graduates will compare favorably, in thoroughness of knowledge of the subjects taught, with those of any similar schools in the country. At the last commencements the largest classes in the history of these institutions were graduated.

COLORED SCHOOLS.

In this department the desired success has not been attained, though there has been a small comparative increase of attendance. It is urged that suitable buildings be erected, in different parts of the city, where the course of instruction may be extended so as to include all studies of the grammar school for the more advanced pupils. The erection of six buildings would secure all the benefits of education to this class of citizens.

SUPERINTENDENT OF INSTRUCTION.

The duties of this office have increased so greatly that it is impossible for him to perform the multiplied tasks imposed upon him, though devoting his whole time to the service of schools. The appointment of an assistant is imperatively required.

BALTIMORE CITY COLLEGE.

The college building still remains, "as a crumbling monument of withered hopes and blasted expectations." In connection with the subject of establishing the college in a suitable building, which is urgently needed, there arises the consideration of enlarging the sphere of its usefulness and elevating the course of studies, so that it shall be placed upon an equal footing with a first-class collegiate institution.