ページの画像
PDF
ePub

Ma. You had nothing to do'; now your mind is engaged' you no longer want them'.

Mary. Then shall we have no chat, Mamma'?

Ma. Do not look so down about it'; come to the table`, my child'; we will drink tea', and perhaps something will occur that will serve to instruct us'.

MULTIPLICATION OF COMPOUND TERMS.-LESSON 11.

Cloth Measure.

(1) y.112 3 2X3=338 2 2. (2) y.45 1 2X5= (3) E. E.17 4 2X7= (4) E. Fl.38 1 3X9= (5) E. Fr.44 2 2X12=

[blocks in formation]

Of Pronouns.

Its object

GRAMMAR.-LESSON 12.

A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.

is to enable the writer or speaker to avoid repetition, and render language concise and agreeable.

NOTE. The use of the pronoun may be exemplified in the following manner; Mary writes Mary's copies well; hence, Mary has improved in Mary's style of penmanship. Here the noun Mary occurs four umes in a few words. Now introduce the pronoun and the epetition will be avoided, and the language improved. Mary writes her copics well; hence, she has improved in Then style of penmanship.

As pronouns are used in the place of nouns, they have all the properties, powers and relations that belong to nouns: to wit, person, number, gender and case; and they have also government and agreement.

Pronouns are divided into four kinds;--to wit.

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

Jane. Mamma', I have been looking at the bread`; I can not but admire how white it is!

Mary. Who would suppose it came from the dry, brown stalk which we saw cut down last summer!

Ma. And yet the process through which grain passes into bread', is much more simple than that by which the general products of the earth are made useful to man'.

Jane. Nothing can be more simple. After the grain is cut down and dried', it is bound in bundles', and put in the barn'; and here it is threshed with a flail', when the grain separates from the chaff".

Mary. We saw a man threshing this morning', Ma.', at the farm house. Pa. bade us observe the flail. Two sticks united by a leathern thong'. I tried to use it, but only hurt my hands'.

Ma. You had neither strength' nor skill', my child'; and without these', little can be done at threshing`.

Jane. Next comes winnowing; by this operation, the dust and light grain are blown away from the heavy parts', which are then left ready for the mill`.

Mary. The miller grinds it', the cook kneads it'; the baker bakes it', and we eat it'.

Ma. Not so fast, my child`; the meal', as it comes from the mill', does not make such white bread as you are now eating. You forget that the bran', which is the outer crust of the grain', and which', if allowed to remain with the meal', would make the bread brown', must be first taken from it by a fine gauze sieve'.

MULTIPLICATION OF COMPOUND TERMS.-LESSON 15.

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

42 2X5=

(3) g.144 2

Liquid Measure.

(2) g.76 31X8= 0X10 (4) T.37 2 22 3 1X12= Dry Measure.

(1) bu.196 3 (3) bu.778

5

1

3

1X6= (2) bu.612 2 7 1X8= 0X10= (4) bu.39

(1) y.32 3 2 6

(3) d. 144 13

(1) s.3

(3) s.6

Measure of Time.

3 6 1X12=

21X5 (2) y.121 8 3 4 22X7= 34 52X10 (4) d.76 22 55 55×12= Measure of Motion.

27 35 51X6= (2) s.9

23 45 54X9= 5 19 39X11 (4) s.4 24 24 24X12= GRAMMAR.-LESSON 16.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS. There are five personal pronouns: to wit: I, you, he, she, it; and the plurals of these are we, you, they.

NOTE 1. In solemn and poetic styles, thou is used for you in the singular numher, and ye, or you in the plural. The plural verb are, is also made to agree with you and thou in the singular number, as: you are my brother, or thou art my brother. The idea is in fact single, and the verb must be regarded as single.

Pronouns have three persons both in their singular and plural application. I, or the person who speaks, is the first person; you, is the second; he, she, or it, is the third person singular. We, the person who speaks connected with others, is the first person, you, the second person, they, the third person plural.

NOTE 2, The verb agrees with the pronoun you in the singular or plural number agreeably to the idea expressed by the term.

SPELLING. LESSON 17.

Dipthongs, Accent on the Second Syllable.

[blocks in formation]

READING. LESSON 18.

The use of Flour, Starch, Hair Powder, Wafers, Isinglass, &.c. Mary. Flour affords us many comforts': bread', pies', puddings, paste to fix the gilded paper, starch to stiffen linen`, biscuit for sailors', and cakes for little children`.

Jane. Pray tell us', Ma.' how starch is made?

Ma. The wheat is steeped in water', until a floury, viscous sediment is drawn from it', which remains at the bottom. This sediment is cleansed', and well dried in an oven,' which finishes the process. Starch can be made from the potatoe', and some other roots'; but that made of wheat', is generally the best.

Jane. I have been told', Mamma', that hair powder and wafers, are also made of flour.

Ma, They are. Hair powder is nothing more than starch reduced to a fine powder, and perfumed with some delicate essence'. But to make wafers of flour', requires the aid of yeast', and isinglass'. These are mixed', coloured', rolled thin`, cut in small round cakes', and spread on tin pans to dry on a Stove'.

Mary. Pray', Ma', what is isinglass? You say it is used in wafers'.

Ma. It is, my dear', and for many other purposes. You have eaten it in jellies', and blanc mange`.

It is a substance formed from the sounds and intestines of fish. The process is simple: The sounds, &c. are cleansed from the sea-water', and then put into lime water', which absorbs the oily parts. It is again cleansed', rolled into sticks`, then dried, and pulled off ready for market`.

MULTIPLICATION OF COMPOUND TERMS.-LESSON 19.

RULE 2. When the Multiplier is more than 12, and the product of any two numbers, less than 13, multiply the given sum by one of the numbers, and that product by the other. Thus: (1) £2 4 6 2X36 (2) y.13 3 3X48= 6X6=36

6

(3) g.45 3 1X77=

£13 7 3

0

6

£80 3 6 0 Ans.

RULE 3. When the multiplier is more than the product of any two numbers, then multiply the given sum by the two numbers as in rule 2d, and also by the excess, and add the two products.

(1) lb.22 6 SX66

(2) y.31 1 2X39=

[blocks in formation]

NOTE. Pronouns, like nouns, may be declined; that is, their person, number, gender and case may be illustrated in the following manner.

[blocks in formation]

NOTE. Though the second person in the singular and plural numbers, have the same form, yet the mind will readily distinguish their application to singular or plural objects, and their case may be determined from their relation to other words.

In the solemn and poetic styles, the second person is declined thus: Nom. thou, Pos.thine, Obj. thee. Plural, Nom. ye or you, Pos. yours, Obj, you.

Questions on the 19th Chapter.

READING EXERCISES.

Les. 2. Who are the parties to the following dialogue? Who begins, and what is said? Who replied, and what? What was Mary's question? What the reply? What the next question? What the reply? What Mary's remark? What Ma's question? What Jane's remark? What Ma's observation?

Les. 6. What Mary's assertion? Ma's reply? Mary's rejoinder? What Ma's proofs? What Mary's confessions? On which side is Jane, and what does she say? What does Mary

« 前へ次へ »