nal was printed in Weimar; Kotzebue learned, it was never discovered how, that a portion of his bulletin, and a portion which he was not at all desirous that Germany should know, was to appear in the next number; and, on his application, the Russian Resident demanded that this alleged violation of private property should be prevented. Count Edling, who was at that time foreign minister, immediately ordered Bertuch not to proceed with the printing of that number of the Nemesis. But it so happened, that great part of the impression was already thrown off; and, as there was no order not to publish, the printed copies were sent to Jena to be distributed. Kotzebue stormed; all the numbers of the Nemesis, containing the obnoxious article, were seized and condemned. The seizure was in vain, for Oken immediately republished it in the Isis. The Isis was seized and condemned, and Wieland immediately reprinted it in his "Friend of the People." This journal, too,

This was the son of the great Wieland. He had some talent, but was unsteady. His "Friend of the People" was suppressed; then he tried to re-establish it

was seized and condemned; but the matter was by this time over all Germany. Kotzebue, detected in his malevolence, thwarted in all his attempts at suppression, and the object of general dislike, was exasperated to the uttermost. He railed at the government of Weimar in good set terms, threatened the whole grand duchy with the vengeance of the Russian Autocrat, and retired, fuming, to Manheim. Criminal proceedings were instituted against Luden; the court at Weimar sent the case for judgment to the University of Leipzig, which condemned the professor to pay a fine, or go to prison for three months; but, on an appeal to the supreme court at Jena, the sentence was reversed. It was now his turn to attack. He prosecuted Kotzebue for defamation; and the court at Weimar, which seems to have been determined to keep clear of the matter altogether, sent the case to the juri

under the title of "The Friend of Princes,"-but various princes would have nothing to do with such friends; then it assumed the name of “The Patriot;" but no printed Proteus can escape a vigilant police, and at last Wieland died, just at the proper time, when he had nothing to

do.

The

dical faculty of Würzburg. That university ordained Kotzebue to recant what he had written against Luden, as being false and injurious, and to pay the costs of suit. progress, and, still more, the judicial termination of this affair could not be agreeable to the Court of St Petersburgh, whose influence, from family connections, must always be powerful at Weimar. Harassed by the troublesome consequences of the quarrel, foreseeing the progress of the policy, that, in a few months, introduced a censorship, under which he would have disdained to proceed, and apprehending, perhaps, a similar fate to that which so soon overtook Dr Oken, Professor Luden gave up together the struggle and the Nemesis.

VOL. I.

CHAPTER IV.

WEISSENFELS-LEIPZIG-DRESDEN.

Gott segne Sachsenland,

Wo fest die Treue stand

In Sturm und Nacht.

Saxon National Hymn.

FROM Weimar, the territory of the grand duchy still stretches a dozen miles to the northward, along the great commercial road between Frankfort and Leipzig, till it meets the southern frontier of Prussia, on the summit of the Eckartsberg, a woody ridge into which the country gradually rises, and from time immemorial a chace of the House of Weimar. There is less culture, and less population, than in the southern districts, for the country is cold and hilly. The villages are generally in the hollows, on the bank of some small stream, rural

enough in their accompaniments, but frequently betraying in themselves utter penury. One wonders where the people come from who pay the taxes in this country. Districts have been known to pay in agricultural produce, from inability to raise money. It can only be an incorrigible attachment to old habits, that induces the peasantry still to use so much wood in building their cottages, where stone is abundant, fuel scarce and expensive, and fires frequent and destructive. A watchman, appointed for the special purpose, (Der Feuerwachter) looks out all night from the tower of the old castle in Weimar, to give the alarm if fire appear within his horizon. I have seen a village of fortyeight houses reduced to a heap of ashes in a couple of hours, except the church, which was of stone. From the materials used in building and roofing, and the connection of the houses with each other, every peasant is exposed, not only to his own mischances, but to those, likewise, of all his neighbours; for, if one house in the village take fire, the probability always is, that very few will escape. Yet the peasant will rather run the risk of having his house burned