CHAP. reafon of changing the original name Sabtaceni into the nickIII. name Saraceni. The reafon why no mention is made in the

16. Situation of Mizraim.

17.

The feveral defendants

Scripture of the Sabtaceni, may be this; that these parts of Arabia lying next to the Holy Land, are by the facred writers denoted by the name of Cush, the father of Sabteca, and who, it is likely, fettled himself in these parts with his fon Sabteca. As for Nimrod, the remaining fon of Cufh, we shall speak of him and his dominions in a diftinct Chapter.

We proceed then now to Mizraim, who by Mofes is named fecond the fons of Ham. And where he at first settled among himself we need not doubt; fince the Hebrew text generally denotes Egypt by the name of the land of Mizraim, or fimply Mizraim. As to the critical remarks of the learned concerning the dual termination of this name, I have spoken above; and there fhewn that it is more probably to be esteemed a fingular. I proceed therefore to the defcendants of Mizraim; and the names, whereby these are denoted by Mofes, I have fhewn to be plurals. As for the land of Mizraim, or Egypt, I shall speak of it hereafter in a diftinct Chapter.

The defcendants of Mizraim are thus enumerated by Mofes: Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphof Mizraim. tuhim, and Pathrufim, and Cafluhim (out of whom came Philiftim), and Caphtorim, Gen. x. 13, 14. I fhall take them in

The Ludim,

the order they are mentioned by Mofes, as being pretty agreeable to their fituation.

18. To begin then with Ludim, whereby are denoted the Ethithe Etioopians in Africk, and who alone are commonly fo called both pians in A- in ancient and modern writers. That these Ethiopians are

frick.

denoted in Scripture by the name of Ludim, and their country Ethiopia by the name of Lud, the learned Bochart has proved at large, by no fewer than ten diftinct arguments. I fhall mention only thofe, which he draws from the facred Scripture; as from Ifa. lxvi. 19. and Jer. xlvi. 9. where Lud or Ludim are faid to be very skilful in drawing the bow: which agrees punctually with the character given to the Ethiopians by many ancient writers. Again, in the forecited place of Ifaiah, we find Phul and Lud joined together; whence it may be probably inferred they denoted people or countries adjoining

IV.

joining one to the other. But now Phul may very well be SE C T. thought to be the city and country of Philæ, fituate not far from Syene on the borders of Ethiopia. Once more, in the place of Jeremiah aforecited, and in Ezek. xxx. 5. we find Lud or Ludim joined with Cush and Phut: where, as by Cush are meant the Arabians, and by Phut the inhabitants of the parts of Africk beyond Cyrenaica, as fhall be fhewn by and by; fo by Lud are reasonably to be fuppofed the Ethiopians lying as it were between the two former. It is certain, that by Lud cannot be understood Lydia in the Leffer Afia (as it is rendered in our English Version), this being too far off from Cufh and Phut, to be joined together in one action.

19.

where leat

The next defcendants of Mizraim mentioned by Mofes, are the Anamim; whereby Bochart thinks the inhabitants of the Anamim, country about Jupiter Ammon's temple might be denoted: ed. to confirm which opinion, he observes that Herodotus exprefsly afferts the Ammonians to be the defcendants partly of the Egyptians, and partly of the Ethiopians. And this by the way tends to confirm also the foregoing hypothefis, that the Ludim are the Ethiopians; they being named juft before the Anamim by Mofes. From thefe Anamim or Ammonii, the fame learned person thinks the Nazamones took likewise their rife and name; as alfo the Amantes, and Garamantes, and Hammanientes, mentioned by old writers in the adjacent

parts.

The Lehabim come next, both in the text and in fituation. For it is very probable that Lehabim and Lubim are one and the fame word, a little changed in time, and that from hence was derived originally the name of Libya; which, though at length extended to the whole Libyan or African continent, yet at first belonged only to the country Cyrenaica. Now this country lying next over-againft Greece, hence the name of Lehab or Lub, originally belonging to this tract only, was moulded into Libya, and given by the Greeks to the whole continent over-against them on the other fide of the Mediterranean Sea: juft as the name of Africa, properly pertaining only to that part of this continent which lies over-against was therefore by the Latins extended to all the conti

Italy,

20.

The Lelia bim, or Lu

bim, feated in Libya, properly fo

called.

III.

CHAP. nent: or, to come to our own times; much after the fame manner as we extend the name of Holland to all the Dutch provinces, and the name of Flanders to all the Spanish provinces in the Netherlands; whereas they properly denote only the two particular provinces in the Spanish and Dutch Netherlands, that lie next over-against our ifland of Great Britain.

21.

Situation of

the Naphtuhim.

22.

the Pathru

The Naphtuhim are probably enough placed by Mr. Bochart in the country adjoining to Cyrenaica, or Libya properly fo called, towards Egypt, namely, in Marmarica. For here we find in Ptolemy some remainder of the name, in a place called Aptuchi fanum. And in the Heathen fables Aptuchus, or Aphtuchus, or Autuchus, is faid to be the fon of Cyrene, from whom the city and country of Cyrene took its name. The ground of which fable might be this, that Naphtuch, the father of Naphtuchim, called by the Greeks Aphtuchius, was the brother of Lehab, the father of Lehabim, who firft peopled Cyrenaica.

The Pathrufim, or defcendants of Pathros, are mentioned Situation of next by Mofes; whereby are to be understood the inhabitants fim. of the Upper Egypt or Thebais, where Ptolemy places Pathyris, an inland town not far from Thebes. And agreeably hereto the Septuagint tranflation renders the Hebrew Pathros by the Greek Pathyris. The other or lower part of Egypt, as it is frequently denoted by Greek and Latin writers under the name of Egypt fimply; fo it is fometimes diftinctly noted in Scripture by the name Mizraim. But more of this when we come to treat particularly of Egypt.

23.

Go we on then to the two remaining families of Mizraim, The Caflu- namely Cafluhim and Caphtorim. And for the former, they him, where feated. are not improbably thought to have firft fettled in the country on the other fide of Egypt, called Cafiotis; where alfo is a mount called Cafius; both which retain fomewhat of the name Cafluhim. And this fituation of them is confirmed by what Mofes adds concerning them, namely, that from them fprang the Philistines; who in procefs of time made themselves mafters of the adjoining tract of the land of Canaan, as we read in Scripture, and fhall take further notice of where we treat diftinctly of the land of Canaan.

That

IV.

24.

feated.

That the Caphtorim were fituated near to the Cafluhim, is SECT. inferred not only from Moses putting them next one to another in the forecited place of Gen. x. but also from this, that the Philistines, who are in Gen. x. 14. faid to be defcended of the The CaphCafluhim, are elsewhere denoted by the name of Caphtorim, torim, where as Deut. ii. 23 Jer. xlvii. 4. and Amos ix. 7. Which perhaps cannot be better accounted for, than by fuppofing the Cafluhim and Caphtorim to be neighbours, and fo in time to have been mutually intermixed, as to be looked upon as one and the fame people.

Now the name of Caphtor feems to be preserved in an old 25. Egypt, city of Egypt, called Coptus; from which as the name of whence fo Cophtes is ftill given to the Chriftians of Egypt (whence the named. tranflation of the Bible used by them is called alfo the Coptick tranflation), so it is not unlikely that the common name of Egypt was derived from it; it being called Ægyptus for Ægophtus, as if one would fay in Greek Ala Kórre, the land of Coptus. And it is a good remark of the learned Mede, that the Greek Ala, Aia, or Ea, is likely derived from the Hebrew Ai or Ei: to which may be very pertinently fubjoined this remark; that in the forecited Jer. xlvii. 4. what we render the country of Caphtor, is in the Hebrew text termed Ai Captor; which are the very two words, from which we fuppofe the Greeks to have moulded the name Aryulos, Ægyptus. And this is taken notice of by our Tranflators, who in the margin of our Bible obferve, that the Hebrew word tranflated the country in the text, denotes alfo an ifle. And it is further obfervable, that this name is very properly given to the city Coptus, forafmuch as it ftood in a small ifland. So that, upon the whole, we need not doubt thereabout to fix the first fettlement of the Caphtorim.

26.

The nation of Phut,

feated.

Of the four original nations defcended from Ham, there remains now only that of Phut to be spoken of. And the first fettlement of this is with good reason supposed to be in the where parts of the Libyan or African continent, which join on next to thofe poffeffed by the defcendants of the Mizraim; that is, in the parts adjoining weftward to Cyrenaica, and fo to have fpread more weftward into Mauritania. For in Africa pro_ perly

н 3

III.

CHAP. perly so called, below Adrumetum was a city, named Putea, mentioned by Pliny; and in Mauritania there is a river mentioned by Ptolemy, called Phut. St. Jerom is very full to the point, telling us, that there is a river in Mauritania, which was till his own time called Phut, and from which the adjacent country was called Regio Phytenfis, the country of Phut.

And thus we have at length fhewed the reader the feveral places where the more immediate defcendants of Noah are either certainly known, or else probably thought to have at first feated themselves. I may end this Chapter much after the fame manner as Mofes does the tenth chapter of Genefis: These are the plantations of the families of the fons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and after this manner by these were the nations divided in the earth after the Flood.

CHAP.