1809.] On the best Mode of administering Bark for Ague. a few trifling inaccuracies may escape them; and I may be permitted to add, that some of those expressions, which have been noticed by Mr. G. might be vindicated. Mr. G. adds, that the B. C. appears to have been desirous of " paying some attention to Dr. V." If he will turn to the last edition of Dr. V.'s Humane Society Sermon, he will find the author complaining of the severity, and defending himself from a charge, of the British Critic, in a preface of no common length. He certainly does not there consider that review as partial to his publications.. Mr. G. may be perfectly assured, that the British Critic did not mean to detract from the merit of his Institutes, which will probably occupy a place in every collection of the most useful works Your's, &c. in Latin Grammar. Cambridge, March 16, 1809. T. P. set direction; but, unfortunately, as pot To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. succeed in removing the ague, another SIR, N the subject of Ague, when I O transmitted the case of Elizabeth Milliar, it did not occur to me that any Medical men frequently fail in curing recom must be taken, and it is best to leave It sometimes happens, that you cannot get the bark in powder down young children; in such cases I have given a strong decoction, made with two ounces of the powder to a pint of water, and boiled for about twenty minutes in a covered vessel, and when cold strained from the tive in these remarks, but the public health, and to them the public is quite welcome. Huntspill, Your's, &c. March 9, 1809. JAS. JENNINGS. P. S. While on the subject of Bark I would say, that I have been informed, that the bark of a species of willow, growing in this country, called Broad-leaved Willow, will cure the Ague. I know nothing of it. Can any of the Correspondents of the Monthly Magazine give any information on the subject?-1 have seen some of the yellow Bark attached to the wood on which it grows. The wood has much of the grain, colour, and softness of the wood of the willow. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. A SIR, the fæces; two table spoonfuls of which of an emetic. Besides these various means of using the san.e remedy, I have found it essentially necessary to insist upon an ague patient's living better than ordinarily. To one accustomed to water I recom mend cyder or ale; to cyder, ale or strong beer, in moderate quantity; and to one accustomed, to strong beer, an occasional dose of port wine: animal food in preference to vegetable, and roast in preference to boiled. An avoidance of cold; and of wet feet. Indeed, living better alone will sometimes keep off the ague, when there is a predisposition for it. From the many cases which I have seen, I am of opinion, that the Ague is not, as is too frequently imagined, an invisible something that can be expelled by a vigorous coup de main at once ; such an idea may suit the poet, who may be desirous of depicting it as a shivering hag, but in sober reasoning, wherever the ague is present, there also previously existed debility (notwithstanding now and then some appearances to the contrary), and therefore the only mode of cure must be to invigorate the constitution, and the ague ceases to exist. Daily experience teaches us, who are but just permitted a glauce at the threshold of the temple of Medicine, that the bark is the first medicine in the list of stimuli for the cure of the ague, and on that sheet-anchor must both the initiated and uninitiated depend. I fear that I have already swelled this letter to an immoderate length. I have endeavoured to be as plain and intelligi ble, as is consistent with a notice on popular medicine to be, but suspect, that much conversation with medical men, as well as an intimacy with medical books, have made this letter less popular than the generality of your readers may desire. I have, however, no mo. FEW days ago I met with some observations, accompanied with a plan, of an intended Archway under Highgate Hill, by Mr. Robert Vazie, who has not quite finished his proposed archway under the River Thames. If it was proved, that there is no way of avoiding that hill, but by a tunnel, it probably might deserve the support of the public; but as it appears from a survey made by Mr. Thompson in 1805, that nearly the whole of the difficulty can be avoided, and yet the road kept in open day-light, without adding any thing to the distance, I think it will ap pear something like cutting out a job, to propose a tunnel, where the public may be better accommodated at one-fourth of the expence. It has been supposed, that the principal objection to the plan proposed by Mr. Thompson lies with two noblemen, upon the ground that it might possibly interfere with their pleasuregrounds; but surely no noble man would make that a pretence for preventing an improvement so desirable, and useful to the public at large. Is there no pleasure in accommodating the public? Are the public to pay the interest of 75,0001. (which would not be sufficient to finish the tunnel or archway), and be made to pass a narrow, dark, damp passage for near a mile, and all this for the pleasure of two noblemen, and the doubtful profit of a few speculators? For that reason also, are all the wells in Highgate to be laid dry, and the people of delicate habits to be exposed to injury in their health, by passing in the hot sultry summer's day, for 15 minutes, through a cold and damp vault?-Suppose any accident, similar to what happens daily in the streets For the Monthly Magazine. LAND. TH HE ancient Romances are known to be historical narratives on subjects of this kind, and therefore no more apology is necessary for introducing them as such, than those would be for considering Robert of Gloucester, Harding, or Shakespeare's Plays of our Kings, fictitious, because written in verse. This interesting trait of the superstition of the age, proves at least, that William distrusted the plain and simple oath of Harold, and the event justified his dis trust. Edward died: it is admitted, that he had desired, that William should be his heir, but William was at a distance: Edward had left his barons at liberty to choose between William and Harold. The latter, who was on the spot, and who had great influence, easily acquired the preference. William in vain called upon him to perform his oath. Harold replied, that he would do nothing for him, and would neither marry his daughter, nor surrender the territory. William declared war against him, and Haroldexpelled all the Normans from England, whither Edward had drawn over numbers. This fact is related by our author and Guillaume de Junnegès, but is very different from the representations of the English historians: there is not also in the poem, a single word of any discourse of the barons, who, according to the chroni _cle,* demanded of Edward the nomination of Harold, as his successor. The first part of the Romance merely concerns the Dukes of Normandy, which I pass over of course, and proceed at once to the events connected with English history. tioned in the chronicle, founded upon the poem, is attested by William of Malmes bury, and is of some importance: because the authors of the Literary History of France have concluded from it, that the use of the Romance tongue was common in the eleventh century. The conquest of England by William, It is known that William, after the is so well known, says M. de Brequigny, death of Edward the Confessor, pre- that I pass it over. I shall only remark tended, that this prince, dying without that Vace, on this occasion, reports many children, had declared him his successor: particulars relative to manners and cussome authors have written that it was by toms: and I shall quote for instance, the a will. Vace, (the author,) says only song of Roland, sung by the army of Wilthat Edward had an intention of making liam when it marched to charge the ene Williain his heir. Some, he adds, have my. [The reader will find this song, with thought that Edward sent Harold, his the music, and a humorous English transseneschal, over to Normandy, on pur- lation, in Burney's History of Music. pose to announce this intention to Wil-Translator.] This fact, though not menliam: but it is agreed, according to others, that Harold only came to obtain the delivery of his relatives, given in hostage to Edward, for conservation of the fealty of Godwin, whose daughter Edward had married, and with whom, (Godwin) he had quarelled. These hostages had been confided to William. Harold bad a gracious reception. A conversation took place about the succession of Edward's throne, to which Harold had some pretensions. William obliged him, not only to renounce them, but to swear that he would use every effort to secure the throne to William. In return, he promised Harold to give him one of his daughters in marriage. William, to corroborate the oath which he required, concealed some relics, upon which Harold took the oath, without having seen them: but when the oath was pronounced, William exhibited them. -MONTHLY MAG. No, 184, William demanded succours from the King of France, but though he offered to hold of him the crown of England, he had no success. The Pope, to whom he made the same offer, accepted it, and sent him a gonfanon, or standard, and a ring, in which was a hair of St. Peter. The battle ensued: Harold advanced at the head of his army. The list of the *Founded on the Poem. ◆ This word is a law-term, signifying acquisition; and in this sense it is here used. See Blackstone.—Translator. De W. L. 3. Translater. Norman Norman knights, who signalized themselves, fills six pages. Odo, bishop of Bayeux, did wonders. He is described as clothed in a haubergeon, with a white shirt underneath, riding upon a white horse, and a baton in his hand. He was the brother of William. All the circumstances related by Vahe, conform to the famous Bayeux tapestry, worked by Maud, wife of the Conqueror. Harold, who had an eye put out by an arrow, at the commencement of the battle, and afterwards was wounded in the thigh, continued to fight, till at last he was killed. [Our historians represent him as not wounded by the arrow, till the close of the battle; that in the thigh, being inflicted after death, by a dastardly soldier, whom William punished. Translator.] Vace highly extols the valour of William. He had two horses killed under him. After the complete defeat of his enemies, he wished to sleep upon the field of battle; but it was represented to him, that among the wounded, with whom the field was strewed, some might have strength enough left to poignard him in the night. When he was disarmed, all his arms were found broken, through the blows struck upon them. [The passages which follow, are precisely similar to the published accounts, and therefore are not given.] William had just burned the town of Mantes, and wished to cross it in the midst of the ruins. They occasioned his horse to fall, and the king was wounded by the pommel of the saddle. Many historians ascribe his death to the consequences of that wound. Vace only says, that, upon his return to Rouen, he fell sick, and feeling his end approach, he disposed of his dominions, giving Normandy to Robert, his eldest son; England to William, who was the second; and to Henry, the third, 5,000 pounds. His disorder increasing, he died after six weeks illness. Vace makes him sixtyfour years old probably from copying Orderic Vitalis, but he was only sixty. [That excellent historian, Malmesbury, (De W. i.) says only fifty-nine. Translator.] : Before his death, William liberated all the prisoners of this number, for four years, was his brother Odo, bishop of Bayeux,who had been of much service to him at the battle of Hastings, but had refused to give him any account of the revenues of England, the administration of which had been confided to him, Wil liam had been obliged to arrest him himself, nobody daring to lay hands upon a bishop. But, said the king, I arrest you, as Earl of Kent, by which distinction William thought to preserve the respect due to the episcopal authority. As soon as the king was dead, the people about him abandoned him to pillage the moveables, before he was put into the coffin. This custom of carrying off the moveables of great men, at the instant of their decease, subsisted a long while, especially in relation to bishops, and even to popes. William was buried at Caen, as he had ordered, in the church of the Abbey of St. Stephen, which he had founded. His tomb, destroyed by the protestants in 1562, was repaired in 1642. Vace does not forget the well-known fact, concerning the opposition, made to his burial, by a person named Ascelin, who pretended, that the part of the church, where they had prepared the burial of William, was, in his fief, and had been forcibly seized by that prince. This clamour excited a great tumult. It is commonly considered, as the origin of the "Cry of Haro," a cry still usual in. Normandy, to re-demand a thing taken by violence, and to obtain immediate restitution through the judge. By this formula, they say, the plaintiff invokes Rou (Rollo) chief of the Norman dynasty. Paulus Emilius, a modern writer, is generally quoted for the guarantee of this etymon, and I do not believe that it had been suggested before him. [The cry exists in Jersey and Guernsey; the relics which we retain of the duchy of Normandy, which was wrested by France from John, some centuries before the existence of Paulus Emilius. See Falle p. 14. Ha! is the exclamation of a person suffering. Ro, the abbreviated name of the prince: so the custom is mentioned in the Chron. de Normandie 1. xxvi. See too Rouillié, Grand Cous tumier de Normandie, fol. lxxvi. Torrien, Commentaires du Droict, &c. au Pays et Duché de Normandie, liv. vii. ch. xi. De Reb. gest. Francor. l. iii.— Masseville, Ilist. Somm. de Normandie p. i. 1. 3. p. 224. Translator.] poem of Vace, and other writers, near the time, when the fact happened, say nothing which may support the opinion of Paulus Emelius. "I forbid all," cried Ascelin. Here is no mention of Rou: it is the ecclesiastical authority to which Ascelin appealed. [M. Brequigny for. got, that the delinquent was the prince. The The The Haro might have been therefore absurd. He therefore appealed to the church, as our people did to the pope, against the king. Translator.] The bishops interrogated the neighbours, and upon their depositions, gave to Ascelin sixty sous for his land. We may add to this, says M. Brequigny, that the cry of Haro, appears to have been in these ages, a general appeal for assistance, without any determinate sense. Thus in the inquest taken in the thirteenth century, of the miracles of S. Louis, a woman, perceiving a child drowning, cries out Harou, Harou, come here, help me to draw out the child. This exclamation is also found in some places of the Roman de la Rose, with which Rou could have no concern. [Here M. Brequigny makes out his case. Q. if both that and the Irish Arrah, the Normans being of northern origin, do not come from thence? Translator.] Some subsequent facts given by M. Brequigny, are common; I therefore pass on to some accounts of William Rufus, which are more favourable to his character, than general opinion. During the siege of Mount S. Michael, the king and the duke* amused themselves with frequent challenges and justs. In one of these the king fell from his horse, but without quitting the saddle, which had gone off with him, the poitral and girths being broken by the violence of the blow, which had been struck. He defended himself sword in hand, with the saddle grasped fast between his legs, until succour arrived, and without their being able to reproach him, with having evacuated the saddle, "fait vider les arçons," a fact which proves his courage, and the nice concern he took in the honour of chivalry. When he arrived at Barfleur, he marched to Mans, and delivered the castle. He gave to the inhabitants, who had defended it, all the houses of the town. Mayne was subdued and the Earl Helias was made prisoner but the king set him at liberty, telling him, to beware being taken again. "Cas se jon vous prens autrefois, The king returned to England, and, after reigning thirteen years, was killed by an arrow, shot by one of the hunters. The chronicle, which copies the poem, says, that they accused Walter Tirel, [whom the M.S. calls Titam: His brother Robert. the French to this day not spelling or pronouncing English surnames accurately.] But Tirel protested many times with an oath, that he had not seen the king, and that he had not even gone, during the whole day, into the forest, where the prince was killed. This is further attested by Suger,(Rec. Hist. Franc.xii. 12) who had it from Tirel's own mouth, The poet contents himself with saying, that the king was struck, the direction of the arrow having been diverted, either because the arrow glanced against a tree, or because Tirel, in shooting it, was obstructed by his side, and altered the direction. Tirel, according to the poet, fled into France. Orderic Vitalis adds, that he married there, and a long time afterwards went to Jerusalem, where he died. [This death of William Rufus, except that he died by violent means, is exceedingly dubious. He was detested. The Saxon Chronicle only says, that he was killed by one of his own retinue with an arrow. Cadmer, who lived in the reign, says, (p. 54) that he was struck in the heart by an arrow, but whether, as some say, it was shot, or as more affirm, he stumbled and fell upon it, he thinks it not worth while to enquire. Neither the Saxon Chronicle or Cadmer mention Tyrrel's name: the stumbling upon the arrow, sounds like a lie artfully raised; and Tyrrel, from some pique, was perhaps made the scape-goat for the rest: for Cadmer adds, that the moment he was struck, he was deserted immediately by every body; a circumstance, which implies guilt. Possibly they shot at him from behind a tree for disguise, which occasioned the story of the arrow glancing, as a convenient excuse. Tyrrel's name was picked up afterwards, by report perhaps. Translator.] To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, an alteration (lately made) in the process of drying White Lead, the health of the labourers, in an extensive manufac tory in the neighbourhood of London, fatal constipation of the bowels, so comhas been very materially benefited-the creased, which is attributed in a great mon amongst them, having much detion. The different mode of drying the measure, if not entirely, to this alteraLead adopted is (if I understand the matter right), that instead of laying it on chalk it is now poured into earthen Am informed that, in consequence of ware |